Introducing Novel Methods to Identify Fraudulent Responses (Sampling With Sisyphus): Web-Based LGBTQ2S+ Mixed-Methods Study.

Journal: Journal of medical Internet research

Volume: 27

Issue: 

Year of Publication: 2025

Affiliated Institutions:  School of Social Work, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada. School of Social work, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. School of Social Work, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Abstract summary 

The myth of Sisyphus teaches about resilience in the face of life challenges. Detransition after an initial gender transition is an emerging experience that requires sensitive and community-driven research. However, there are significant complexities and costs that researchers must confront to collect reliable data to better understand this phenomenon, including the lack of a uniform definition and challenges with recruitment.This paper presents the sampling and recruitment methods of a new study on detransition-related phenomena among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and 2-spirit (LGBTQ2S+) populations. It introduces a novel protocol for identifying and removing bot, scam, and ineligible responses from survey datasets and presents preliminary descriptive sociodemographic results of the sample. This analysis does not present gender-affirming health care outcomes.To attract a large and heterogeneous sample, 3 different study flyers were created in English, French, and Spanish. Between December 1, 2023, and May 1, 2024, these flyers were distributed to >615 sexual and gender minority organizations and gender care providers in the United States and Canada, and paid advertisements totaling >CAD $7400 (US $5551) were promoted on 5 different social media platforms. Although many social media promotions were rejected or removed, the advertisements reached >7.7 million accounts. Study website visitors were directed from 35 different traffic sources, with the top 5 being Facebook (3,577,520/7,777,218, 46%), direct link (2,255,393/7,777,218, 29%), Reddit (1,011,038/7,777,218, 13%), Instagram (466,633/7,777,218, 6%), and X (formerly known as Twitter; 233,317/7,777,218, 3%). A systematic protocol was developed to identify scam, nonsense, and ineligible responses and to conduct web-based Zoom video platform screening with select participants.Of the 1377 completed survey responses, 957 (69.5%) were deemed eligible and included in the analytic dataset after applying the exclusion protocol and conducting 113 virtual screenings. The mean age of the sample was 25.87 (SD 7.77; median 24, IQR 21-29 years). A majority of the participants were White (Canadian, American, or of European descent; 748/950, 78.7%), living in the United States (704/957, 73.6%), and assigned female at birth (754/953, 79.1%). Many participants reported having a sexual minority identity, with more than half the sample (543/955, 56.8%) indicating plurisexual orientations, such as bisexual or pansexual identities. A minority of participants (108/955, 11.3%) identified as straight or heterosexual. When asked about their gender-diverse identities after stopping or reversing gender transition, 33.2% (318/957) reported being nonbinary, 43.2% (413/957) transgender, and 40.5% (388/957) identified as detransitioned.Despite challenges encountered during the study promotion and data collection phases, a heterogeneous sample of >950 eligible participants was obtained, presenting opportunities for future analyses to better understand these LGBTQ2S+ experiences. This study is among the first to introduce an innovative strategy to sample a hard-to-reach and equity-deserving group, and to present an approach to remove fraudulent responses.

Authors & Co-authors:  MacKinnon Kinnon Ross KR Khan Naail N Newman Katherine M KM Gould Wren Ariel WA Marshall Gin G Salway Travis T Pullen Sansfaçon Annie A Kia Hannah H Lam June Sh JS

Study Outcome 

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Statistics
Citations : 
Authors :  9
Identifiers
Doi : 10.2196/63252
SSN : 1438-8871
Study Population
Female
Mesh Terms
Humans
Other Terms
bots;detransition;lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender;mobile phone;nonbinary;sampling;transgender
Study Design
Descriptive Study
Study Approach
Systemic Review
Country of Study
Publication Country
Canada