International norms for adult handgrip strength: A systematic review of data on 2.4 million adults aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions.
Journal: Journal of sport and health science
Volume: 14
Issue:
Year of Publication:
Affiliated Institutions:
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia. Electronic address: grant.tomkinson@unisa.edu.au.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON KA K, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KH M, Canada.
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec , Czech Republic; Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc , Czech Republic.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia; Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND , USA; Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND , USA; Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND , USA; Department of Geriatrics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND , USA.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia.
Australian Centre for Precision Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia.
Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND , USA.
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON LS L, Canada; Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON LP A, Canada; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON LP A, Canada.
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, ES , Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, ES , Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä , Finland.
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, ES , Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, ES , Spain; Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA , USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA , USA.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC , Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku , Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku , Finland.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS , Australia.
Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo -, Japan.
School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai , China; Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai , China.
Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense , Denmark.
The Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON LL X, Canada.
Abstract summary
Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms. The objective of this study was to generate international sex- and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan.Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 1, 2023. We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age. Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodological variation. Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape were used to develop sex- and age-specific norms for absolute HGS (kg) and HGS normalized by height (Ht, m) squared (i.e., HGS/Ht in kg/m). Norms were tabulated as percentile values (5th to 95th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults (51.9% female) aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward. On average, absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood, peaked from age 30-39 years (at 49.7 kg (males) and 29.7 kg (females) for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m (males) and 11.3 kg/m (females) for HGS/Ht), and declined afterwards. The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood.This study provides the world's largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age. These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons, health screening, and surveillance.
Authors & Co-authors:
Tomkinson Grant R GR
Lang Justin J JJ
Rubín Lukáš L
McGrath Ryan R
Gower Bethany B
Boyle Terry T
Klug Marilyn G MG
Mayhew Alexandra J AJ
Blake Henry T HT
Ortega Francisco B FB
Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina C
Magnussen Costan G CG
Fraser Brooklyn J BJ
Kidokoro Tetsuhiro T
Liu Yang Y
Christensen Kaare K
Leong Darryl P DP
Study Outcome
Source Link: Visit source