Co-Designing Case Scenarios and Survey Strategies to Examine the Classification and Reporting of Restrictive Care Practices in Adult Mental Health Inpatient Settings: Perspectives From International Stakeholders.

Journal: International journal of mental health nursing

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Affiliated Institutions:  School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health, Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. College of Health Professions, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Jerusalem Mental Health Centre, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City St George's, University of London, London, UK. Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada. Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. Faculty of Law and Criminology, Institute of Social Law, KU Leuven, Belgium and Faculty of Law and Criminology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, KU Leuven Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India. Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia. LUCAS-Centre for Care Research & Consultancy, KU Leuven Minderbroedersstraat, Leuven, Belgium. College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Rehabilitation Outreach Mental Health Service, Eastern Health Naarm, Melbourne, Australia. Self Help Addiction Resource Centre, Melbourne, Australia. International Drug Development Institute Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

Abstract summary 

There is a global initiative to reduce the use of restrictive care practices in mental health settings. Variations in the reported rates across regions complicate the understanding of their use and tracking trends over time. However, it remains unclear whether these discrepancies reflect real differences in the implementation of these practices or are sourced from inconsistencies in incident classification and reporting methods. This study employed a co-design approach to identify contexts that would influence the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices. The research involved 29 mental health stakeholders, including 22 professional experts from 13 countries across Europe, Africa, North America, Asia and Australasia and seven service users and family carers from Australia. Recruitment was conducted through email invitations, snowball sampling and social media outreach. Six web-based panel meetings, each lasting 90-120 minnutes were held. These discussions focused on exploring various contexts that might lead to uncertainty among professionals when classifying and reporting actions whether or not as restrictive care practices. A final list of 23 contexts was identified and considered for the development of 81 case scenario items. Finally, all the 29 panel members selected 44 from 81 case scenarios for inclusion in an upcoming international survey to examine variations in the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices. The findings from this co-design work emphasise the involvement of a wide range of factors and contexts in the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices that may contribute to the observed variations in the in the reported rates of these practices. The case scenarios developed in this study will support future research and serve educational purposes, illustrating real-life situations in the mental healthcare context.

Authors & Co-authors:  Belayneh Zelalem Z Lee Den-Ching A DA Haines Terry P TP Aluh Deborah Oyine DO Onu Justus Uchenna JU Newton-Howes Giles G Masters Kim K Kohn Yoav Y Sin Jacqueline J Goulet Marie-Hélène MH Husum Tonje Lossius TL Jelastopulu Eleni E Bakola Maria M Opgenhaffen Tim T Gowda Guru S GS Mekuriaw Birhanie B De Cuyper Kathleen K Muir-Cochrane Eimear E Canteloupe Yana Y Diviney Emer E Staggs Vincent S VS Petrakis Melissa M

Study Outcome 

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Statistics
Citations :  Al‐Maraira, O. A., and F. A. Hayajneh. 2019. “Use of Restraint and Seclusion in Psychiatric Settings: A Literature Review.” Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 57, no. 4: 32–39.
Authors :  22
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1111/inm.13479
SSN : 1447-0349
Study Population
Male,Female
Mesh Terms
Other Terms
case scenario;chemical restraint;co‐design;engagement;lived experience;mechanical/physical restraint;mental health;restrictive care practice;seclusion;service user
Study Design
Case Study
Study Approach
Country of Study
Publication Country
Australia