Deaths of despair-associated mortality rates globally: a 2000-2019 sex-specific disparities analysis.

Journal: Public health

Volume: 236

Issue: 

Year of Publication: 

Affiliated Institutions:  Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mshirza@jh.edu. Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Departments of Pediatrics and Population, Family & Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Abstract summary 

The aim of this study was to explore sex-specific disparities in rates of deaths of despair across 183 countries from 2000 to 2019.Secondary analysis of cross-sectional population-level data.Data were obtained from the World Health Organization Health Inequality Data Repository. We analysed data on mortality due to alcohol, drug-use disorders, and self-harm (as a proxy for suicide). We calculated the average rate of deaths of despair by year and sex, trends in these rates, and cause-specific mortality trends. We then fitted mixed-effect generalised linear models to compare mortality rates by sex and country.Analyses revealed significant disparities by sex, with a 3.3-fold higher rate among men than among women globally (95% confidence interval: 3.1-3.5, P < 0.001). There was a significant decline in deaths of despair globally and among both sexes during the assessed period (5% per 5 years). Lesotho, Belarus, the US, the Russian Federation, Guyana, and Slovenia ranked among the top 10 countries out of 183 with the highest mortality rates for both sexes. Canada, the Republic of Korea, Belgium, and Finland were countries with the highest mortality rates among women, whereas Ukraine, Lithuania, Mongolia, and Eswatini have the highest rates among men. In the US, 5-year mortality rates increased by 35% for women and 21% for men: drug-use mortality showed a significant increase over time, whereas suicide rates decreased for both sexes in the given country. Additionally, mortality rates from alcohol use decreased among women.This global analysis shed light on health disparities by sex in deaths of despair, especially concerning trends in the US. It identified countries and groups in need of targeted mental health and substance-use programs. Moreover, the disparities by sex revealed in this analysis suggest that mental health and substance-use interventions and programs may need to be more attentive to sex and/or gender, such as inequitable social norms and restrictive forms of masculinities, which have been shown to be contributing factors to deaths of despair.

Authors & Co-authors:  Shirzad Mahboubeh M Yenokyan Gayane G Marcell Arik V AV Kaufman Michelle R MR

Study Outcome 

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Citations : 
Authors :  4
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.015
SSN : 1476-5616
Study Population
Men,Women
Mesh Terms
Other Terms
Alcohol use;Deaths of despair;Disparities;Drug use;Mortality;Sex disaggregated;Suicide
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Country of Study
Lesotho
Publication Country
Netherlands