Improving Detection of Depression in People Living with HIV: Psychometric Properties of the South African Depression Scale (SADS).

Journal: AIDS and behavior

Volume: 25

Issue: 11

Year of Publication: 2021

Affiliated Institutions:  Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, HIV Mental Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. lena.andersen@sund.ku.dk. Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town & Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, HIV Mental Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA. Department of Global Health, Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Medicine Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. School of Psychology, Bangor University, Wales, UK. Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.

Abstract summary 

Most measures developed in high income countries to screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) among people living with HIV (PWH) demonstrate suboptimal psychometric properties when utilized in non-western, resource limited settings due to their high false positive rates. For standardized MDD screening to be implementable in local settings, a measure is needed that reduces diagnostic burden by being highly sensitive while limiting false positives. This study sought to evaluate the ability of the locally developed South African Depression Scale (SADS) to screen for MDD in PWH in Cape Town. The SADS was administered along with the SCID-5-RV as gold standard to 236 PWH. It demonstrated good discriminating ability in detecting MDD with an area under the curve of 0.85. A cut-off of 27 yielded 78.2% sensitivity and 54.4% PPV. Given its robust psychometric properties, routine use of the SADS in community clinics to screen at-risk PWH, combined with evidence-based depression treatment, could improve the health outcomes and well-being of PWH in South Africa.ResumenLa mayoría de las medidas desarrolladas en países de ingresos altos para detectar el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) entre las personas que viven con el VIH (PVV) demuestran propiedades psicométricas subóptimas cuando se utilizan en entornos no occidentales de recursos limitados debido a sus altas tasas de falsos positivos. Para que la detección de TDM estandarizada sea implementable en entornos locales, se necesita una medida que reduzca la carga diagnóstica al ser altamente sensible mientras limita los falsos positivos. Este estudio trató de evaluar la capacidad de la Escala de Depresión Sudafricana (SADS, por sus siglas en inglés) desarrollada localmente para detectar TDM en PVV en Ciudad del Cabo. El SADS se administró junto con el SCID-5-RV como el test de referencia a 236 PWH. Demostró una buena capacidad discriminatoria en la detección de TDM con un área bajo la curva de 0,85. Un corte de 27 produjo un 78,2% de sensibilidad y un 54,4% de VPP. Dadas sus sólidas propiedades psicométricas, el uso rutinario del SADS en clínicas comunitarias para detectar las PVV en riesgo, combinado con un tratamiento de depresión basado en la evidencia, podría mejorar los resultados de salud y el bienestar de las PVV en Sudáfrica.

Authors & Co-authors:  Andersen Lena Skovgaard LS Saal Wylene W Joska John A JA Safren Steven A SA Bantjes Jason J O'Cleirigh Conall C Witten Jade A JA Lee Jasper S JS Kagee Ashraf A

Study Outcome 

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Statistics
Citations :  Whiteford HA, Degenhardt L, Rehm J, Baxter AJ, Ferrari AJ, Erskine HE, et al. Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet [Internet]. 2013. Nov [cited 2020 Aug 26];382(9904):1575–86. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673613616116
Authors :  9
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1007/s10461-021-03305-w
SSN : 1573-3254
Study Population
Male,Female
Mesh Terms
Depression
Other Terms
Depression;HIV;Psychometric properties;ROC;SADS;South Africa
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Country of Study
South Africa
Publication Country
United States