Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association.
Journal: Nature neuroscience
Volume: 19
Issue: 12
Year of Publication: 2017
Affiliated Institutions: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Department of Neurology, Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada. INSERM Unit U, University of Bordeaux, France. Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany. NSERM Unit ″Neuroimaging and Psychiatry″, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, North Carolina, USA. NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA. Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK. Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. UMR University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Bordeaux, France. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain. Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin. Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA. Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland. Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, Australia. CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, Spain. Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Human Neurogenetics Unit, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA. NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. University of Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg, Germany. Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada. South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA. National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. The Mind Research Network and LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin , Ireland. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA. Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia. Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA. Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics Centre (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany. Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA. Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan. Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Department of Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia. Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA. Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA. John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Academic Department of Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Brain Resource Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, UMR , CEA, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France. Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Neuroimaging Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK. Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Abstract summary
Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five previously unknown loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci were also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρ = 0.748), which indicates a similar genetic background and allowed us to identify four additional loci through meta-analysis (N = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, and Parkinson's disease, and were enriched near genes involved in growth pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling. These findings identify the biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and their link to physiological and pathological traits.Authors & Co-authors: Adams Hieab H H HH Hibar Derrek P DP Chouraki Vincent V Stein Jason L JL Nyquist Paul A PA Rentería Miguel E ME Trompet Stella S Arias-Vasquez Alejandro A Seshadri Sudha S Desrivières Sylvane S Beecham Ashley H AH Jahanshad Neda N Wittfeld Katharina K Van der Lee Sven J SJ Abramovic Lucija L Alhusaini Saud S Amin Najaf N Andersson Micael M Arfanakis Konstantinos K Aribisala Benjamin S BS Armstrong Nicola J NJ Athanasiu Lavinia L Axelsson Tomas T Beiser Alexa A Bernard Manon M Bis Joshua C JC Blanken Laura M E LM Blanton Susan H SH Bohlken Marc M MM Boks Marco P MP Bralten Janita J Brickman Adam M AM Carmichael Owen O Chakravarty M Mallar MM Chauhan Ganesh G Chen Qiang Q Ching Christopher R K CR Cuellar-Partida Gabriel G Braber Anouk Den AD Doan Nhat Trung NT Ehrlich Stefan S Filippi Irina I Ge Tian T Giddaluru Sudheer S Goldman Aaron L AL Gottesman Rebecca F RF Greven Corina U CU Grimm Oliver O Griswold Michael E ME Guadalupe Tulio T Hass Johanna J Haukvik Unn K UK Hilal Saima S Hofer Edith E Hoehn David D Holmes Avram J AJ Hoogman Martine M Janowitz Deborah D Jia Tianye T Kasperaviciute Dalia D Kim Sungeun S Klein Marieke M Kraemer Bernd B Lee Phil H PH Liao Jiemin J Liewald David C M DC Lopez Lorna M LM Luciano Michelle M Macare Christine C Marquand Andre A Matarin Mar M Mather Karen A KA Mattheisen Manuel M Mazoyer Bernard B McKay David R DR McWhirter Rebekah R Milaneschi Yuri Y Mirza-Schreiber Nazanin N Muetzel Ryan L RL Maniega Susana Muñoz SM Nho Kwangsik K Nugent Allison C AC Loohuis Loes M Olde LM Oosterlaan Jaap J Papmeyer Martina M Pappa Irene I Pirpamer Lukas L Pudas Sara S Pütz Benno B Rajan Kumar B KB Ramasamy Adaikalavan A Richards Jennifer S JS Risacher Shannon L SL Roiz-Santiañez Roberto R Rommelse Nanda N Rose Emma J EJ Royle Natalie A NA Rundek Tatjana T Sämann Philipp G PG Satizabal Claudia L CL Schmaal Lianne L Schork Andrew J AJ Shen Li L Shin Jean J Shumskaya Elena E Smith Albert V AV Sprooten Emma E Strike Lachlan T LT Teumer Alexander A Thomson Russell R Tordesillas-Gutierrez Diana D Toro Roberto R Trabzuni Daniah D Vaidya Dhananjay D Van der Grond Jeroen J Van der Meer Dennis D Van Donkelaar Marjolein M J MM Van Eijk Kristel R KR Van Erp Theo G M TG Van Rooij Daan D Walton Esther E Westlye Lars T LT Whelan Christopher D CD Windham Beverly G BG Winkler Anderson M AM Woldehawariat Girma G Wolf Christiane C Wolfers Thomas T Xu Bing B Yanek Lisa R LR Yang Jingyun J Zijdenbos Alex A Zwiers Marcel P MP Agartz Ingrid I Aggarwal Neelum T NT Almasy Laura L Ames David D Amouyel Philippe P Andreassen Ole A OA Arepalli Sampath S Assareh Amelia A AA Barral Sandra S Bastin Mark E ME Becker Diane M DM Becker James T JT Bennett David A DA Blangero John J van Bokhoven Hans H Boomsma Dorret I DI Brodaty Henry H Brouwer Rachel M RM Brunner Han G HG Buckner Randy L RL Buitelaar Jan K JK Bulayeva Kazima B KB Cahn Wiepke W Calhoun Vince D VD Cannon Dara M DM Cavalleri Gianpiero L GL Chen Christopher C Cheng Ching-Yu CY Cichon Sven S Cookson Mark R MR Corvin Aiden A Crespo-Facorro Benedicto B Curran Joanne E JE Czisch Michael M Dale Anders M AM Davies Gareth E GE De Geus Eco J C EJ De Jager Philip L PL de Zubicaray Greig I GI Delanty Norman N Depondt Chantal C DeStefano Anita L AL Dillman Allissa A Djurovic Srdjan S Donohoe Gary G Drevets Wayne C WC Duggirala Ravi R Dyer Thomas D TD Erk Susanne S Espeseth Thomas T Evans Denis A DA Fedko Iryna O IO Fernández Guillén G Ferrucci Luigi L Fisher Simon E SE Fleischman Debra A DA Ford Ian I Foroud Tatiana M TM Fox Peter T PT Francks Clyde C Fukunaga Masaki M Gibbs J Raphael JR Glahn David C DC Gollub Randy L RL Göring Harald H H HH Grabe Hans J HJ Green Robert C RC Gruber Oliver O Gudnason Vilmundur V Guelfi Sebastian S Hansell Narelle K NK Hardy John J Hartman Catharina A CA Hashimoto Ryota R Hegenscheid Katrin K Heinz Andreas A Le Hellard Stephanie S Hernandez Dena G DG Heslenfeld Dirk J DJ Ho Beng-Choon BC Hoekstra Pieter J PJ Hoffmann Wolfgang W Hofman Albert A Holsboer Florian F Homuth Georg G Hosten Norbert N Hottenga Jouke-Jan JJ Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E HE Ikeda Masashi M Ikram M Kamran MK Jack Clifford R CR Jenkinson Mark M Johnson Robert R Jönsson Erik G EG Jukema J Wouter JW Kahn René S RS Kanai Ryota R Kloszewska Iwona I Knopman David S DS Kochunov Peter P Kwok John B JB Lawrie Stephen M SM Lemaître Hervé H Liu Xinmin X Longo Dan L DL Longstreth W T WT Lopez Oscar L OL Lovestone Simon S Martinez Oliver O Martinot Jean-Luc JL Mattay Venkata S VS McDonald Colm C McIntosh Andrew M AM McMahon Katie L KL McMahon Francis J FJ Mecocci Patrizia P Melle Ingrid I Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas A Mohnke Sebastian S Montgomery Grant W GW Morris Derek W DW Mosley Thomas H TH Mühleisen Thomas W TW Müller-Myhsok Bertram B Nalls Michael A MA Nauck Matthias M Nichols Thomas E TE Niessen Wiro J WJ Nöthen Markus M MM Nyberg Lars L Ohi Kazutaka K Olvera Rene L RL Ophoff Roel A RA Pandolfo Massimo M Paus Tomas T Pausova Zdenka Z Penninx Brenda W J H BW Pike G Bruce GB Potkin Steven G SG Psaty Bruce M BM Reppermund Simone S Rietschel Marcella M Roffman Joshua L JL Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina N Rotter Jerome I JI Ryten Mina M Sacco Ralph L RL Sachdev Perminder S PS Saykin Andrew J AJ Schmidt Reinhold R Schofield Peter R PR Sigurdsson Sigurdur S Simmons Andy A Singleton Andrew A Sisodiya Sanjay M SM Smith Colin C Smoller Jordan W JW Soininen Hilkka H Srikanth Velandai V Steen Vidar M VM Stott David J DJ Sussmann Jessika E JE Thalamuthu Anbupalam A Tiemeier Henning H Toga Arthur W AW Traynor Bryan J BJ Troncoso Juan J Turner Jessica A JA Tzourio Christophe C Uitterlinden Andre G AG Hernández Maria C Valdés MC Van der Brug Marcel M Van der Lugt Aad A Van der Wee Nic J A NJ Van Duijn Cornelia M CM Van Haren Neeltje E M NE Van T Ent Dennis D Van Tol Marie-Jose MJ Vardarajan Badri N BN Veltman Dick J DJ Vernooij Meike W MW Völzke Henry H Walter Henrik H Wardlaw Joanna M JM Wassink Thomas H TH Weale Michael E ME Weinberger Daniel R DR Weiner Michael W MW Wen Wei W Westman Eric E White Tonya T Wong Tien Y TY Wright Clinton B CB Zielke H Ronald HR Zonderman Alan B AB Deary Ian J IJ DeCarli Charles C Schmidt Helena H Martin Nicholas G NG De Craen Anton J M AJ Wright Margaret J MJ Launer Lenore J LJ Schumann Gunter G Fornage Myriam M Franke Barbara B Debette Stéphanie S Medland Sarah E SE Ikram M Arfan MA Thompson Paul M PM
Study Outcome
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Citations : Bartley AJ, Jones DW, Weinberger DR. Genetic variability of human brain size and cortical gyral patterns. Brain. 1997;120:257–269.;Willer CJ, Li Y, Abecasis GR. METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans. Bioinformatics. 2010;26:2190–2191.Authors : 342
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1038/nn.4398SSN : 1546-1726