Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs.
Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
Volume: 12
Issue: 15
Year of Publication:
Affiliated Institutions: School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC , Australia. OHAIRE, Comparative Pathobiology, Center for the Human Animal Bond, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN , USA. Human-Animal Interaction, Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Gloucester GL BE, UK. Dogs Trust, London ECV RQ, UK. Dogalov Human Support Initiative, Abuja , Nigeria. Centro de Estudios en Bienestar y Convivencia Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago , Chile. Institute for Human-Animal Connection, University of Denver, Denver, CO , USA. EASE Working Group, College of Social Sciences and International Studies, University of Exeter, Exeter EX PY, UK. College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA , USA. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo -, Japan. Department of Social Work, Beaver College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC , USA. Sports and Exercise Medicine, Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta , Kuopio, Finland. Department of Anthrozoology, University of Exeter (alumnus), Exeter EX PY, UK. Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON LS A, Canada. Cork Pet Behaviour Centre, P YF Cork, Ireland. Dogwood Therapy Services, Albuquerque, NM , USA. Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Uenohara, Yamanashi -, Japan. Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW , Australia. School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC , Australia. Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International, Denver, CO , USA. Risk Frontiers, St Leonards, NSW , Australia. Boynton Health, Office of Student Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN , USA. University Centre Sparsholt, University of Winchester, Sparsholt, Winchester SO NF, UK. Dogs for Life, Caulfield South, VIC , Australia. Halcyon CIC, Worcestershire WR LF, UK. Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA , USA. The Program for Animal-Assisted-Psychotherapy, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee , Israel. Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA , USA. Animal Therapies Ltd., Gold Coast, QLD , Australia. Management and Organizational Studies, Huron University College at Western University, London, ON NG H, Canada. Equine Therapy Unit, ChildVision National Education Centre for Blind Children, D WKOH Dublin, Ireland. Independent Researcher, Bedford MK DU, UK. The Canadian Institute of Animal-Assisted Interventions, Montréal, QC HV C, Canada. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University the Netherlands, AT Heerlen, The Netherlands. Department of Psychology, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN , USA. School of Law & Social Justice, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L BX, UK. Center for Human-Animal Interaction, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA , USA. Independent Researcher, Toronto, ON ME L, Canada. Stroke Research Programme, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital & Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA , Australia. Center for Human Animal Psychology, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA , USA. Clinical Animal Behaviour, Well Connected Canine, York YO HG, UK. Faculty of Social Science, University of Stirling, Stirling FK LA, UK. School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, D VW Dublin, Ireland. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas , NV, USA. Orygen Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC , Australia. Hellenic Institute of Canine & Feline Behaviour, Athens, Greece. MiMer Centre, Torna Hallestad, Sweden. Clinical Animal Behavior Service, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju , Korea. Occupational Therapy, Health Care Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI , USA. Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX , USA. Department of Education and Childhood Studies, Swansea University, Swansea SA PP, UK. Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Institute for Human-Animal Interaction, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA , USA. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Scottish SPCA (Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals), Dunfermline KY RY, UK. Hong Kong Animal Assisted Therapy Association (HKAATA), Hong Kong, China. Guide Dogs NSW/ACT, St Leonards, NSW , Australia. Independent Researcher, Cumbria CA QD, UK. Dyrebar Omsorg AS, Fjellstrand, Norway. Society for Companion Animal Studies, Godmachester, Cambridgeshire PE BQ, UK. Institute for Culture and Society, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW , Australia. Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON NG W, Canada. Human-Animal Bond in Colorado, School of Social Work, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO , USA. Northumbria Law School, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE ST, UK. Solihull College and University Centre, Solihull B SB, UK. School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, College of Psychology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD , Australia. Moray House School of Education and Sports Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH AQ, UK. Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC , Australia. Faculty of Health, Education and Society, The University of Northampton, Northampton NN PH, UK. Independent Researcher, Sunbury, VIC , Australia. School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE RU, UK. Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA , Australia.
Abstract summary
The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: "assistance animal", "companion animal", "educational/school support animal", "emotional support animal", "facility animal", "service animal", "skilled companion animal", "therapy animal", and "visiting/visitation animal". At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., "skilled companion animal" and "service animal") due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.Authors & Co-authors: Howell Tiffani J TJ Nieforth Leanne L Thomas-Pino Clare C Samet Lauren L Agbonika Sunday S Cuevas-Pavincich Francisca F Fry Nina Ekholm NE Hill Kristine K Jegatheesan Brinda B Kakinuma Miki M MacNamara Maureen M Mattila-Rautiainen Sanna S Perry Andy A Tardif-Williams Christine Y CY Walsh Elizabeth Ann EA Winkle Melissa M Yamamoto Mariko M Yerbury Rachel R Rawat Vijay V Alm Kathy K Avci Ashley A Bailey Tanya T Baker Hannah H Benton Pree P Binney Catherine C Boyle Sara S Brandes Hagit H Carr Alexa M AM Coombe Wendy W Coulter Kendra K Darby Audrey A Davies Lowri L Delisle Esther E Enders-Slegers Marie-Jose MJ Fournier Angela A Fox Marie M Gee Nancy N Graham Taryn M TM Hamilton-Bruce Anne A Hansen Tia G B TGB Hart Lynette L Heirs Morag M Hooper Jade J Howe Rachel R Johnson Elizabeth E Jones Melanie M Karagiannis Christos C Kieson Emily E Kim Sun-A SA Kivlen Christine C Lanning Beth B Lewis Helen H Linder Deborah D Mai Dac Loc DL Mariti Chiara C Mead Rebecca R Ferreira Gilly Mendes GM Ngai Debbie D O'Keeffe Samantha S O'Connor Grainne G Olsen Christine C Ormerod Elizabeth E Power Emma R ER Pritchard Peggy A PA Rodriguez Kerri K Rook Deborah D Ruby Matthew B MB Schofield Leah L Signal Tania T Steel Jill J Stone Wendy W Symonds Melissa M Rooy Diane van DV Warda Tiamat T Wilson Monica M Young Janette J Bennett Pauleen P
Study Outcome
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Statistics
Citations : Walther S., Yamamoto M., Thigpen A.P., Garcia A., Willits N.H., Hart L.A. Assistance Dogs: Historic Patterns and Roles of Dogs Placed by ADI or IGDF Accredited Facilities and by Non-Accredited U.S. Facilities. Front. Veter-Sci. 2017;4:1. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00001.Authors : 77
Identifiers
Doi : 1975SSN : 2076-2615