The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.
Journal: Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
Volume: 26
Issue: Supp 1
Year of Publication: 2021
Affiliated Institutions: College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia. Royal Life Saving Society, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nursing Department, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Nepal. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India. The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India. Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam. Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Action, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA. Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. Public Health Department, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), World Health Organization (WHO), New Delhi, India. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Centre for International Health and Section for Ethics and Health Economics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Department of Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin, Iran. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy. Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia. Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India. Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Plastic Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan. General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Emergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Health Economics, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan. College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea. Department of Forensic Medicine, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal. Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran. Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia. Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Center for Health Resource and Services Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta, Indonesia. Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia. Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement, National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Department of Health Economics and Management, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran. Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA spencj@uw.edu.
Abstract summary
Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning.Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes.There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.Authors & Co-authors: Franklin Richard Charles RC Peden Amy E AE Hamilton Erin B EB Bisignano Catherine C Castle Chris D CD Dingels Zachary V ZV Hay Simon I SI Liu Zichen Z Mokdad Ali H AH Roberts Nicholas L S NLS Sylte Dillon O DO Vos Theo T Abady Gdiom Gebreheat GG Abosetugn Akine Eshete AE Ahmed Rushdia R Alahdab Fares F Andrei Catalina Liliana CL Antonio Carl Abelardo T CAT Arabloo Jalal J Arba Aseb Arba Kinfe AAK Badiye Ashish D AD Bakkannavar Shankar M SM Banach Maciej M Banik Palash Chandra PC Banstola Amrit A Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn SL Barzegar Akbar A Bayati Mohsen M Bhardwaj Pankaj P Bhaumik Soumyadeep S Bhutta Zulfiqar A ZA Bijani Ali A Boloor Archith A Carvalho Félix F Chowdhury Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir MAK Chu Dinh-Toi DT Colquhoun Samantha M SM Dagne Henok H Dagnew Baye B Dandona Lalit L Dandona Rakhi R Daryani Ahmad A Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda SD Dibaji Forooshani Zahra Sadat ZS Do Hoa Thi HT Driscoll Tim Robert TR Eagan Arielle Wilder AW El-Khatib Ziad Z Fernandes Eduarda E Filip Irina I Fischer Florian F Gebremichael Berhe B Gupta Gaurav G Haagsma Juanita A JA Hassan Shoaib S Hendrie Delia D Hoang Chi Linh CL Hole Michael K MK Holla Ramesh R Hostiuc Sorin S Househ Mowafa M Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen OS Inbaraj Leeberk Raja LR Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi SSN Islam M Mofizul MM Ivers Rebecca Q RQ Jayatilleke Achala Upendra AU Joukar Farahnaz F Kalhor Rohollah R Kanchan Tanuj T Kapoor Neeti N Kasaeian Amir A Khan Maseer M Khan Ejaz Ahmad EA Khubchandani Jagdish J Krishan Kewal K Kumar G Anil GA Lauriola Paolo P Lopez Alan D AD Madadin Mohammed M Majdan Marek M Maled Venkatesh V Manafi Navid N Manafi Ali A McKee Martin M Meles Hagazi Gebre HG Menezes Ritesh G RG Meretoja Tuomo J TJ Miller Ted R TR Mithra Prasanna P Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah A Mohammadpourhodki Reza R Mohebi Farnam F Molokhia Mariam M Mustafa Ghulam G Negoi Ionut I Nguyen Cuong Tat CT Nguyen Huong Lan Thi HLT Olagunju Andrew T AT Olagunju Tinuke O TO Padubidri Jagadish Rao JR Pakshir Keyvan K Pathak Ashish A Polinder Suzanne S Pribadi Dimas Ria Angga DRA Rabiee Navid N Radfar Amir A Rana Saleem Muhammad SM Rickard Jennifer J Safari Saeed S Salamati Payman P Samy Abdallah M AM Sarker Abdur Razzaque AR Schwebel David C DC Senthilkumaran Subramanian S Shaahmadi Faramarz F Shaikh Masood Ali MA Shin Jae Il JI Singh Pankaj Kumar PK Soheili Amin A Stokes Mark A MA Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul HAR Tarigan Ingan Ukur IU Temsah Mohamad-Hani MH Tesfay Berhe Etsay BE Valdez Pascual R PR Veisani Yousef Y Ye Pengpeng P Yonemoto Naohiro N Yu Chuanhua C Yusefzadeh Hasan H Zaman Sojib Bin SB Zhang Zhi-Jiang ZJ James Spencer L SL
Study Outcome
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Statistics
Citations : World Health Organization Global report on drowning: preventing a leading killer. Geneva: World Health organization, 2014. ISBN: 978 92 4 156478 6 https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/global_report_drowning/en/Authors : 134
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484SSN : 1475-5785