Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder type II: addressing multiple symptoms and approaches with a particular emphasis on strategies in lower and middle-income countries.
Journal: Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
Volume: 20
Issue: 18
Year of Publication: 2020
Affiliated Institutions:
Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedicial Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Elizabeth Donkin Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Lead Clinical Pharmacist, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Independent consumer advocate, Brunswick, Australia.
Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Pharmacy, Keta Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Keta, Ghana.
Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, National College of Pharmacy, Kozhikode, India.
Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania and Ministry of Health, Vilnius, Lithuania.
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Drug Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK.
Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Whelan Building, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona Italy.
Abstract summary
: Appropriately managing mental disorders is a growing priority across countries in view of the impact on morbidity and mortality. This includes patients with bipolar disorders (BD). Management of BD is a concern as this is a complex disease with often misdiagnosis, which is a major issue in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) with typically a limited number of trained personnel and resources. This needs to be addressed.: Medicines are the cornerstone of managing patients with Bipolar II across countries including LMICs. The choice of medicines, especially antipsychotics, is important in LMICs with high rates of diabetes and HIV. However, care is currently compromised in LMICs by issues such as the stigma, cultural beliefs, a limited number of trained professionals and high patient co-payments.: Encouragingly, some LMICs have introduced guidelines for patients with BD; however, this is very variable. Strategies for the future include addressing the lack of national guidelines for patients with BD, improving resources for mental disorders including personnel, improving medicine availability and patients' rights, and monitoring prescribing against agreed guidelines. A number of strategies have been identified to improve the treatment of patients with Bipolar II in LMICs, and will be followed up.
Authors & Co-authors:
Godman
Grobler
Van-De-Lisle
Wale
Barbosa
Massele
Opondo
Petrova
Tachkov
Sefah
Abdulsalim
Alrasheedy
Unnikrishnan
Garuoliene
Bamitale
Kibuule
Kalemeera
Fadare
Khan
Hussain
Bochenek
Kalungia
Mwanza
Martin
Hill
Barbui
Study Outcome
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