Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study.

Journal: JAMA pediatrics

Volume: 170

Issue: 3

Year of Publication: 2016

Affiliated Institutions:  Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, SeattleSchool of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, AustraliaQueensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, SeattleDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, SeattlePublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, SeattleDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, SeattleFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, SeattleDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, SeattleDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, SeattleDepartment of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. University of Washington Medical Center, SeattleSeattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WashingtonIntermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Mekelle, EthiopiaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar. King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaDiscipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. Consultant, Windsor, Ontario, Canada. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Medical Center, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, RussiaAcademician V. I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia. International Neurotrama Research Organization, Vienna, AustriaFaculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MexicoSchool of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, ColombiaEpidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA/CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, EnglandNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, S. Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. University of Colorado School of Medicine and the Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, PhilippinesOffice for Technical Services, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, England. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris, France. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, AustraliaMelbourne Health, Parkville, Australia. Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, AustraliaWestern Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia. International Foundation for Dermatology, London, EnglandKing's College London, London, England. Cedar Associates, Menlo Park, CaliforniaStanford University, Stanford, California. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond. Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, IndiaCentre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, GermanyHannover-Braunschweig Site, German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, South Korea. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, CanadaDepartment of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, CanadaPublic Health Research Institute, University of Montreal. Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer. Genentech, South San Francisco, California. School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MichiganChildren's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, EnglandSchool of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England. Farr Institute, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales. Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England. School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, EthiopiaSchool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, EthiopiaSchool of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MarylandCentre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, GermanyPopulation Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australi. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. Center for Healthy Start Initiative, Ikoyi, Nigeria. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, SeattleDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle. Centro Anna Maria Astori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, ItalyAzienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, EnglandMid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden. Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New YorkDepartment of Surgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OhioChicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, North Chicago, Illinois. Internal Medicine Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham. Department of Public Health, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, FinlandSchool of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, EnglandAlzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. Columbia University, New York, New York. Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South AfricaSouth African Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa. Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, EnglandDepartment of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayNorwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, IrvineDepartment of Sociology, University of California, IrvineDepartment of Public Health, University of California, Irvine. School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, CharlottesvilleOutcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioDepartment of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Adaptive Knowledge Management, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MassachusettsWorldFish, Penang, Malaysia. Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TennesseeUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center, MemphisSt Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of H. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, AustraliaMurdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. Competence Center Mortality Follow-up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, EnglandNational Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Social Work and Social Administration Department, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaHong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaGlobal Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.

Abstract summary 

The literature focuses on mortality among children younger than 5 years. Comparable information on nonfatal health outcomes among these children and the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among older children and adolescents is scarce.To determine levels and trends in the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among younger children (aged <5 years), older children (aged 5-9 years), and adolescents (aged 10-19 years) between 1990 and 2013 in 188 countries from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study.Data from vital registration, verbal autopsy studies, maternal and child death surveillance, and other sources covering 14,244 site-years (ie, years of cause of death data by geography) from 1980 through 2013 were used to estimate cause-specific mortality. Data from 35,620 epidemiological sources were used to estimate the prevalence of the diseases and sequelae in the GBD 2013 study. Cause-specific mortality for most causes was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble Model strategy. For some infectious diseases (eg, HIV infection/AIDS, measles, hepatitis B) where the disease process is complex or the cause of death data were insufficient or unavailable, we used natural history models. For most nonfatal health outcomes, DisMod-MR 2.0, a Bayesian metaregression tool, was used to meta-analyze the epidemiological data to generate prevalence estimates.Of the 7.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7.4-8.1) million deaths among children and adolescents globally in 2013, 6.28 million occurred among younger children, 0.48 million among older children, and 0.97 million among adolescents. In 2013, the leading causes of death were lower respiratory tract infections among younger children (905.059 deaths; 95% UI, 810,304-998,125), diarrheal diseases among older children (38,325 deaths; 95% UI, 30,365-47,678), and road injuries among adolescents (115,186 deaths; 95% UI, 105,185-124,870). Iron deficiency anemia was the leading cause of years lived with disability among children and adolescents, affecting 619 (95% UI, 618-621) million in 2013. Large between-country variations exist in mortality from leading causes among children and adolescents. Countries with rapid declines in all-cause mortality between 1990 and 2013 also experienced large declines in most leading causes of death, whereas countries with the slowest declines had stagnant or increasing trends in the leading causes of death. In 2013, Nigeria had a 12% global share of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections and a 38% global share of deaths from malaria. India had 33% of the world's deaths from neonatal encephalopathy. Half of the world's diarrheal deaths among children and adolescents occurred in just 5 countries: India, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Ethiopia.Understanding the levels and trends of the leading causes of death and disability among children and adolescents is critical to guide investment and inform policies. Monitoring these trends over time is also key to understanding where interventions are having an impact. Proven interventions exist to prevent or treat the leading causes of unnecessary death and disability among children and adolescents. The findings presented here show that these are underused and give guidance to policy makers in countries where more attention is needed.

Authors & Co-authors:  Kyu Pinho Wagner Brown Bertozzi-Villa Charlson Coffeng Dandona Erskine Ferrari Fitzmaurice Fleming Forouzanfar Graetz Guinovart Haagsma Higashi Kassebaum Larson Lim Mokdad Moradi-Lakeh Odell Roth Serina Stanaway Misganaw Whiteford Wolock Wulf Hanson Abd-Allah Abera Abu-Raddad AlBuhairan Amare Antonio Artaman Barker-Collo Barrero Benjet Bensenor Bhutta Bikbov Brazinova Campos-Nonato Castañeda-Orjuela Catalá-López Chowdhury Cooper Crump Dandona Degenhardt Dellavalle Dharmaratne Faraon Feigin Fürst Geleijnse Gessner Gibney Goto Gunnell Hankey Hay Hornberger Hosgood Hu Jacobsen Jayaraman Jeemon Jonas Karch Kim Kim Kokubo Kuate Defo Kucuk Bicer Kumar Larsson Leasher Leung Li Lipshultz Lopez Lotufo Lunevicius Lyons Majdan Malekzadeh Mashal Mason-Jones Melaku Memish Mendoza Miller Mock Murray Nolte Oh Olusanya Ortblad Park Paternina Caicedo Patten Patton Pereira Perico Piel Polinder Popova Pourmalek Quistberg Remuzzi Rodriguez Rojas-Rueda Rothenbacher Rothstein Sanabria Santos Schwebel Sepanlou Shaheen Shiri Shiue Skirbekk Sliwa Sreeramareddy Stein Steiner Stovner Sykes Tabb Terkawi Thomson Thorne-Lyman Towbin Ukwaja Vasankari Venketasubramanian Vlassov Vollset Weiderpass Weintraub Werdecker Wilkinson Woldeyohannes Wolfe Yano Yip Yonemoto Yoon Younis Yu El Sayed Zaki Naghavi Murray Vos

Study Outcome 

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Statistics
Citations :  Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, et al. Global, regional, and national age–sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117–171.
Authors :  158
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4276
SSN : 2168-6211
Study Population
Male,Female
Mesh Terms
Adolescent
Other Terms
Study Design
Study Approach
Country of Study
Niger
Publication Country
United States