Quantitative evaluation of urban green exposure and its impact on human health: A case study on the 3-30-300 green space rule.
Journal: The Science of the total environment
Volume: 924
Issue:
Year of Publication:
Affiliated Institutions:
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; School of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo , China. Electronic address: YICHENG.ZHENG@nottingham.edu.cn.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Technology for Territorial Space Analysis and Simulation, Fuzhou , China; CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo , China. Electronic address: tlin@iue.ac.cn.
School of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo , China. Electronic address: Nicholas.Hamm@nottingham.edu.cn.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. , Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing , China; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue Boston, Boston, MA , USA. Electronic address: jueliu@bjmu.edu.cn.
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo , China. Electronic address: tongyu.zhou@nottingham.edu.cn.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China. Electronic address: hkgeng@iue.ac.cn.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China. Electronic address: jmzhang@iue.ac.cn.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Technology for Territorial Space Analysis and Simulation, Fuzhou , China. Electronic address: hye@iue.ac.cn.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Technology for Territorial Space Analysis and Simulation, Fuzhou , China. Electronic address: gqzhang@iue.ac.cn.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; School of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo , China. Electronic address: sgxxw@nottingham.edu.cn.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen , China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Technology for Territorial Space Analysis and Simulation, Fuzhou , China. Electronic address: tianyichen@iue.ac.cn.
Abstract summary
Urban green spaces offer various health benefits, yet the impact of comprehensive green exposure criteria on multidimensional health remains unclear. The 3-30-300 green space rule represents the green exposure indicators with specific thresholds. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate urban green exposure in cities and can support investigation of its relationship with human health.We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 902 investigated individuals in 261 residential locations aged 11-95 years from Xiamen City, China. 3-30-300 green exposure was calculated using field surveys, GIS, and Baidu Maps Application Programming Interface (API). Physical health data was based on Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI)-2. Mental health was from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social health was from a self-constructed evaluation questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using Geographically Weighted Regression and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression for global and local effects on green exposure and multidimensional health.Among the investigated individuals, only 3.55 % (32/902) fully meet the 3-30-300 rule in Xiamen. Global results show that individuals achieved at least 30 % vegetation coverage (Yes) is associated with better physical (β: 0.76, p < 0.01) and social (β: 0.5, p < 0.01) health. GWLR global results indicate that individuals can "see at least 3 trees from home" meeting one (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.86, p < 0.05) or two (OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.22,0.78, p < 0.01; OR = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.77, p < 0.05) 3-30-300 rule components are significantly associated with reduced medical visits and hospitalizations refer to not met these criterias. In the GWR local analysis, achieved 30 % vegetation cover is significantly related to improved social health at all locations. Meeting any two indicators also contribute to improved social health (n = 511, β: 0.46-0.51, P < 0.05).Green exposure indicators based on the 3-30-300 rule guiding healthy urban green space development. We observed multidimensional health benefits when 1/3 or 2/3 of the indicators were met.
Authors & Co-authors:
Zheng
Lin
Hamm
Liu
Zhou
Geng
Zhang
Ye
Zhang
Wang
Chen
Study Outcome
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