Abstract summary 

Social withdrawal in infants may be a signal of distress and a precursor for non-optimal development.To examine the relationship between infant social withdrawal and neurodevelopment up to 4 years in Nepalese children.A total of 597 Nepalese infants 6-11 months old were assessed with the modified Alarm Distress Baby Scale (m-ADBB), and of these, 527 with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition (Bayley-III) during early childhood, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) and NEPSY-II subtests at 4 years. We examined whether social withdrawal defined by the m-ADBB was associated with neurodevelopmental scores in regression models.Children socially withdrawn in infancy had lower Bayley-III language scores (-2.6 (95% CI -4.5, -0.7)) in early childhood. This association seems to be driven by the expressive communication subscale (-0.7 (95% CI -1.0, -0.3)), but not the receptive communication subscale (-0.2 (95% CI -0.6, 0.1)). There were no differences in the other Bayley-III scores or the WPPSI-IV and NEPSY-II scores at 4 years in children who were socially withdrawn or not.Social withdrawal in infancy was reflected in early language development but not cognitive functioning at 4 years.

Authors & Co-authors:  Kvestad Ulak Ranjitkar Shrestha Chandyo Guedeney Braarud Hysing Strand

Study Outcome 

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