Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing.
Journal: Psychopharmacology
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Affiliated Institutions:
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, -, Porto, Portugal. macedo.iines@gmail.com.
HEI-LAB, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin, Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Addiction Biology Group, iS-Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J, , Mannheim, Germany.
Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J, Mannheim, Germany.
NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, , Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, , USA.
Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.
Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM U Trajectoires Développementales & Psychiatrie, CNRS; EcoleNormaleSupérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM U Trajectoires Développementales & Psychiatrie, University Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli; Gif-Sur-Yvette, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and AP-HP. Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM U Trajectoires Développementales & Psychiatrie, CNRS; EcoleNormaleSupérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli; Gif-Sur-Yvette; and Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, University Paris-Saclay, Etampes, France.
Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hosptalier, Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. , , Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, -, Porto, Portugal.
Abstract summary
For decades, cannabis has been the most widely used illicit substance in the world, particularly among youth. Research suggests that mental health problems associated with cannabis use may result from its effect on reward brain circuit, emotional processes, and cognition. However, findings are mostly derived from correlational studies and inconsistent, particularly in adolescents.Using data from the IMAGEN study, participants (non-users, persistent users, abstinent users) were classified according to their cannabis use at 19 and 22 years-old. All participants were cannabis-naïve at baseline (14 years-old). Psychopathological symptoms, cognitive performance, and brain activity while performing a Monetary Incentive Delay task were used as predictors of substance use and to analyze group differences over time.Higher scores on conduct problems and lower on peer problems at 14 years-old (n = 318) predicted a greater likelihood of transitioning to cannabis use within 5 years. At 19 years of age, individuals who consistently engaged in low-frequency (i.e., light) cannabis use (n = 57) exhibited greater conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms compared to non-users (n = 52) but did not differ in emotional symptoms, cognitive functioning, or brain activity during the MID task. At 22 years, those who used cannabis at both 19 and 22 years-old n = 17), but not individuals that had been abstinent for ≥ 1 month (n = 19), reported higher conduct problems than non-users (n = 17).Impairments in reward-related brain activity and cognitive functioning do not appear to precede or succeed cannabis use (i.e., weekly, or monthly use). Cannabis-naïve adolescents with conduct problems and more socially engaged with their peers may be at a greater risk for lighter yet persistent cannabis use in the future.
Authors & Co-authors:
Macedo
Paiva
Pasion
Daedelow
Heinz
Magalhães
Banaschewski
Bokde
Desrivières
Flor
Grigis
Garavan
Gowland
Brühl
Martinot
Martinot
Artiges
Nees
Orfanos
Paus
Poustka
Hohmann
Holz
Fröhner
Smolka
Vaidya
Walter
Whelan
Schumann
Barbosa
Study Outcome
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