Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study.
Journal: JAMA pediatrics
Volume: 171
Issue: 6
Year of Publication: 2017
Affiliated Institutions: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South African Medical Research Council/University of KwaZulu-Natal Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Durban, South Africa. Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. Center for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany. Department of Population Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg. Wolaita Soda University, Wolaita Soda, Ethiopia. The Hospital for Sick Children, Centre for Child Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines. Department of Medical Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Institute de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Cotonou, Benin. Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. The Judith Lumley Centre for Mother, Infant, and Family Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. King's College London, London, United Kingdom. University Andes, Bogota, Columbia. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Independent Public Health Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Department of Nephrology Issues of Transplanted Kidney, V. I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia. Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq. Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Departmentà Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India. School of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal. Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca/Fiocruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia. University of Massachusetts-Boston. National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Microbiology, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St James School of Medicine, the Quarter, Anguilla. School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Fundacion Entornos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, Nevada. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond. George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karlas University, Heidelberg, Germany. School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Federal University of Rio Grande de Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain. University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines. Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. UnionHealth Associates LLC, St Louis, Missouri. Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus. University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. University of West Florida, Pensacola. United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland. School of Medicine, School of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Institute for Global Health, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria. Center for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria. IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. UK Department for International Development, Lalitpur, Nepal. Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Istituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy. Health Metrics Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Contect International Health Consultants, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research and Evaluation Division, Building Resources Access Communities, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India. International Society of Nephrology, Brussels, Belgium. Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia. ISGlobal Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia. Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. University of Alabama at Birmingham. Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Department of Public Health, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Work Organizations, Disability Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland. Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia. New York Medical Center, Valhalla. Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York. University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Adaptive Knowledge Management, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom. Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. Jackson State University, Jackson, Missouri. Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Abstract summary
Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health.To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion.Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss.Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries.Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.Authors & Co-authors: Kassebaum Kyu Zoeckler Olsen Thomas Pinho Bhutta Dandona Ferrari Ghiwot Hay Kinfu Liang Lopez Malta Mokdad Naghavi Patton Salomon Sartorius Topor-Madry Vollset Werdecker Whiteford Abate Abbas Damtew Ahmed Akseer Al-Raddadi Alemayohu Altirkawi Abajobir Amare Antonio Arnlov Artaman Asayesh Avokpaho Awasthi Ayala Quintanilla Bacha Betsu Barac Bärnighausen Baye Bedi Bensenor Berhane Bernabe Bernal Beyene Biadgilign Bikbov Boyce Brazinova Hailu Carter Castañeda-Orjuela Catalá-López Charlson Chitheer Choi Ciobanu Crump Dandona Dellavalle Deribew deVeber Dicker Ding Dubey Endries Erskine Faraon Faro Farzadfar Fernandes Fijabi Fitzmaurice Fleming Flor Foreman Franklin Fraser Frostad Fullman Gebregergs Gebru Geleijnse Gibney Gidey Yihdego Ginawi Gishu Gizachew Glaser Gold Goldberg Gona Goto Gugnani Jiang Gupta Tesfay Hankey Havmoeller Hijar Horino Hosgood Hu Jacobsen Jakovljevic Jayaraman Jha Jibat Johnson Jonas Kasaeian Kawakami Keiyoro Khalil Khang Khubchandani Ahmad Kiadaliri Kieling Kim Kissoon Knibbs Koyanagi Krohn Kuate Defo Kucuk Bicer Kulikoff Kumar Lal Lam Larson Larsson Laryea Leung Lim Lo Lo Looker Lotufo Magdy Abd El Razek Malekzadeh Markos Shifti Mazidi Meaney Meles Memiah Mendoza Abera Mengistie Mengistu Mensah Miller Mock Mohammadi Mohammed Monasta Mueller Nagata Naheed Nguyen Nguyen Nsoesie Oh Okoro Olusanya Olusanya Ortiz Paudel Pereira Perico Petzold Phillips Polanczyk Pourmalek Qorbani Rafay Rahimi-Movaghar Rahman Rai Ram Rankin Remuzzi Renzaho Roba Rojas-Rueda Ronfani Sagar Sanabria Kedir Mohammed Santos Satpathy Sawhney Schöttker Schwebel Scott Sepanlou Shaheen Shaikh She Shiri Shiue Sigfusdottir Singh Silpakit Smith Sreeramareddy Stanaway Stein Steiner Sufiyan Swaminathan Tabarés-Seisdedos Tabb Tadese Tavakkoli Taye Teeple Tegegne Temam Shifa Terkawi Thomas Thomson Tobe-Gai Tonelli Tran Troeger Ukwaja Uthman Vasankari Venketasubramanian Vlassov Weiderpass Weintraub Gebrehiwot Westerman Williams Wolfe Woodbrook Yano Yonemoto Yoon Younis Yu Zaki Zegeye Zuhlke Murray Vos
Study Outcome
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Statistics
Citations : The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, NY: United Nations; 1989. Treaty Series; 1577, 3.Authors : 254
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0250SSN : 2168-6211