Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Journal: Nature

Volume: 574

Issue: 7778

Year of Publication: 2020

Affiliated Institutions:  Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Research Department, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, The Philippines. Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea. College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. School of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK. Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. James P. Grant School of Public Health, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA. Prevention Division, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia. School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran. Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia. Biomedical Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines. Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine-Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran. School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Education Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana. Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran. Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. Pharmacoepidemiology and Social Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. The Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Neuroscience Department, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services, City of Knowledge, Panama. Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Department of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital, Bangalore, India. Department for Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico. Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia. Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India. Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam. Department of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Institute of Public Health Kalyani, Kalyani, India. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA. Public Health Nutrition, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India. Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal. Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. Department of Health Policy and Economy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. National Institute for Health Researchers, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Epidemiology and Population Health, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Public Health Nutrition, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal. Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA. Department of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. Clinical Medicine and Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (W.I.A.), Philadelphia, PA, USA. Department of Environmental Health Science, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. School of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Vaccines Department, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA, USA. Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia. Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Unit of Academic Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Nursing and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macao, China. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Healthcare Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. School of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Public Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia. Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar. Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Medicine School of Tunis, Baab Saadoun, Tunisia. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Department of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. Global Health and Development Department, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. Psychosis Department, Babol Nushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran. Psychiatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka. School of Midwifery, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA. Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China. Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Atlantis, FL, USA. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Odel Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. Tabriz Health Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. Population Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA. Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Medical Parasitology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Department of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA. School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia. Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway. Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia. Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India. Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Department of Dentistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK. Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. Physiology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Department of Cardiology, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt. Ophthalmology Department, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Caucaia, Brazil. Faculty of Health and Education, Botho University-Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Preventive Oncology Department, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia. Health, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of General Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Information Technology Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy. Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Department of Health Management and Economics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan. Department of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Operating Room Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Research and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India. Cancer Research Center of Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India. Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Anatomy and Embryology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam. Center for Excellence in Behavioral Health, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Global Health Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. State University of Semarang, Public Health Science Department, Kota Semarang, Indonesia. Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Health Economics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda. Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico. School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. Analytical Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Department of Tb & Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India. Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea. Research and Evaluation, Population Council, New Delhi, India. Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, The Philippines. Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Cardiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Parasitology and Entomology Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama. Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. College of Graduate Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Health Education & Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Nephrology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal. Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. EPIUnit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil. Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. School of Biotechnology, Ikiam Amazon Regional University, Tena, Ecuador. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Pathology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Center for Health Policy & Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Post-graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India. Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogotá, Colombia. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Center of Expertise in Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan. Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Department of Laboratory Sciences, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India. Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India. Medical Division, German Leprosy and TB Relief Association Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Department of Nursing, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Kartasura, Indonesia. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. Neurology Department, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India. Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA. Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan. University Institute 'Egas Moniz', Monte Da Caparica, Portugal. Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Anesthesiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University Kerala, Kasaragod, India. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. Department of Education and Health, Trauma Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina. University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Ukk Institute, Tampere, Finland. Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Department of Information Technologies and Management, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. Department of Health Care Administration and Economy, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. Cardiology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. School of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia. Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany. Cochrane South Africa, Medical Research Council South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Zhejiang Spine Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Health Economics & Finance, Global Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Medical Parasitology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Health Management and Economics, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran. Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya. Department of Preventative Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. sihay@uw.edu.

Statistics

Identifiers

Study Population

Mesh Terms

Other Terms

Study Design

Study Approach

Country of Study

Publication Country