Dementia in Africa: Current evidence, knowledge gaps, and future directions.
Journal: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Year of Publication: 2022
Affiliated Institutions:
Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Psychiatry University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.
Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School/Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Radiology, University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Neurology, University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin.
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK/Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi and African Meatal Health and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania.
College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mirembe Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Lufuno Neuropsychiatry Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lawson Health Research Institute / Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
John T. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Global Brain Health Institute, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Abstract summary
In tandem with the ever-increasing aging population in low and middle-income countries, the burden of dementia is rising on the African continent. Dementia prevalence varies from 2.3% to 20.0% and incidence rates are 13.3 per 1000 person-years with increasing mortality in parts of rapidly transforming Africa. Differences in nutrition, cardiovascular factors, comorbidities, infections, mortality, and detection likely contribute to lower incidence. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated neurocognitive disorders are the most common dementia subtypes. Comprehensive longitudinal studies with robust methodology and regional coverage would provide more reliable information. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is most studied but has shown differential effects within African ancestry compared to Caucasian. More candidate gene and genome-wide association studies are needed to relate to dementia phenotypes. Validated culture-sensitive cognitive tools not influenced by education and language differences are critically needed for implementation across multidisciplinary groupings such as the proposed African Dementia Consortium.
Authors & Co-authors:
Akinyemi
Yaria
Ojagbemi
Guerchet
Okubadejo
Njamnshi
Sarfo
Akpalu
Ogbole
Ayantayo
Adokonou
Paddick
Ndetei
Bosche
Ayele
Damas
Coker
Mbakile-Mahlanza
Ranchod
Bobrow
Anazodo
Damasceno
Seshadri
Pericak-Vance
Lawlor
Miller
Owolabi
Baiyewu
Walker
Gureje
Kalaria
Ogunniyi
Study Outcome
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