A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys.

Journal: Depression and anxiety

Volume: 36

Issue: 6

Year of Publication: 2019

Affiliated Institutions:  Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, and Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia. Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland. College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwania Governorate, Iraq. Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Social Medicine and Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Center (CEPEP), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil. IRCCS St. John of God Clinical Research Centre, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania. Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Shenzhen Insitute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon. Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hôpital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S , University Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes, Paris, France. Ministry of Health Israel, Mental Health Services, Israel. Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland. National Institute of Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Hereidia, Lima, Peru. Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.

Abstract summary 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 (DSM-5) definition of agoraphobia (AG) as an independent diagnostic entity makes it timely to re-examine the epidemiology of AG. Study objective was to present representative data on the characteristics of individuals who meet DSM-IV criteria for AG (AG without a history of panic disorder [PD] and PD with AG) but not DSM-5 criteria, DSM-5 but not DSM-IV criteria, or both sets of criteria.Population-based surveys from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative including adult respondents (n = 136,357) from 27 countries across the world. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess AG and other disorders.Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-5 AG (1.5% and 1.0%) were comparable to DSM-IV (1.4% and 0.9%). Of respondents meeting criteria in either system, 57.1% met criteria in both, while 24.2% met criteria for DSM-5 only and 18.8% for DSM-IV only. Severe role impairment due to AG was reported by a lower proportion of respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (30.4%) than those with both DSM-5 and DSM-IV AG (44.0%; χ  = 4.7; P = 0.031). The proportion of cases with any comorbidity was lower among respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (78.7%) than those who met both sets (92.9%; χ = 14.5; P < 0.001).This first large survey shows that, compared to the DSM-IV, the DSM-5 identifies a substantial group of new cases with AG, while the prevalence rate remains stable at 1.5%. Severity and comorbidity are higher in individuals meeting DSM-5 AG criteria compared with individuals meeting DSM-IV AG criteria only.

Authors & Co-authors:  Roest Annelieke M AM de Vries Ymkje Anna YA Lim Carmen C W CCW Wittchen Hans-Ulrich HU Stein Dan J DJ Adamowski Tomasz T Al-Hamzawi Ali A Bromet Evelyn J EJ Viana Maria Carmen MC de Girolamo Giovanni G Demyttenaere Koen K Florescu Silvia S Gureje Oye O Haro Josep Maria JM Hu Chiyi C Karam Elie G EG Caldas-de-Almeida José Miguel JM Kawakami Norito N Lépine Jean Pierre JP Levinson Daphna D Medina-Mora Maria E ME Navarro-Mateu Fernando F O'Neill Siobhan S Piazza Marina M Posada-Villa José A JA Slade Tim T Torres Yolanda Y Kessler Ronald C RC Scott Kate M KM de Jonge Peter P

Study Outcome 

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Statistics
Citations :  American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Authors :  31
Identifiers
Doi : 10.1002/da.22885
SSN : 1520-6394
Study Population
Male,Female
Mesh Terms
Adolescent
Other Terms
agoraphobia;anxiety/anxiety disorders;cross-national;disorders;epidemiology;phobia/phobic
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Country of Study
Publication Country
United States